Terminalia bellirica, commonly known as Baheda or Beleric Myrobalan, is a large deciduous tree that can grow up to 30 meters tall. It has a straight trunk with a cylindrical shape and smooth, greyish bark, while the leaves are about 15 cm long, alternate, and clustered near the ends of branches. The tree produces small, yellowish-green flowers that bloom in spring or early summer, and the fruit is nearly spherical or ovoid, about 2-3 cm in diameter, and turns yellowish-brown when ripe. Native to South and Southeast Asia, including countries like India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam, the tree is commonly found in deciduous forests, along riverbanks, and in other moist habitats.
The Baheda tree’s ecological significance extends beyond its physical characteristics, as it provides a valuable source of food and habitat for various wildlife species, including insects and birds.
Habitat
Terminalia bellirica is native to South and Southeast Asia, including countries like India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam, and is commonly found in deciduous forests, along riverbanks, and in other moist habitats.
Planting and Care
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Propagation: Propagated through seeds, which should be soaked in water overnight to soften the hard outer coating before sowing.
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Soil Type: Prefers well-drained loamy to sandy loam soil.
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Watering: Requires minimal watering once established, as it is drought-tolerant.
Additional Information
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Economical Values: Produces durable timber used in construction, furniture, and agricultural tools.
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Medicinal Use: Used in traditional medicine for treating various ailments such as digestive issues, respiratory problems, and skin diseases.
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Gum Production: The tree produces a gum known as Indian gum, used in various industrial applications.
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Wildlife Significance: The flowers attract various pollinators, including bees and butterflies. Birds feed on the nectar and insects found on the tree.
