Pterocarpus santalinus, commonly known as Red Sandalwood or Red Sanders, is a unique and valuable tree species native to the southern Eastern Ghats mountain range of South India. This small to medium-sized deciduous tree grows up to 10-15 meters in height and is well adapted to the dry, deciduous forests and poor, rocky soils of its native habitat. The tree’s rapid growth rate, especially when young, makes it an attractive species for cultivation. Its distinctive leaves, flowers, and fruit add to its ornamental value, while its wood and other products have been prized for centuries for their quality and versatility.
The tree’s ecological significance extends beyond its physical characteristics, as it provides a valuable food source for various wildlife species. Its flowers attract pollinators like bees and butterflies, while its seeds are consumed by certain bird species. However, the tree’s value to humans has led to overexploitation and illegal trade, resulting in its listing as an endangered species. Conservation efforts are underway to protect and sustainably manage its populations, ensuring the long-term survival of this remarkable species.
Habitat
Pterocarpus santalinus is endemic to the southern Eastern Ghats mountain range of South India, particularly in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
Planting and Care
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Propagation: The tree can be propagated by seeds, which germinate within a few weeks under optimal conditions.
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Soil: Prefers well-drained, fertile soil.
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Watering: Established plants are drought-resistant but benefit from regular watering during dry periods.
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Sunlight: Thrives in full sun.
Additional Information
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Economic Value: The wood is highly valued for its rich red color and is used for making furniture, musical instruments, and carvings.
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Medicinal Uses: The heartwood is used in traditional medicine to treat ailments such as coughs, vomiting, fever, and blood diseases.
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Dye Production: The wood is used to produce a natural red dye, which is used in textiles and cosmetics.
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Conservation Status: Pterocarpus santalinus is listed as an endangered species due to overexploitation and illegal trade.
