Bischofia javanica, commonly known as Bishopwood or Bastard Cedar, is a fast-growing, medium to large tree native to tropical and subtropical regions of Southeast Asia, extending its range to southern China, Taiwan, and Australia. It’s a member of the Phyllanthaceae family, which encompasses a diverse group of flowering plants.

Bischofia javanicacan grow up to 50 meters tall, with a relatively short, straight trunk and a dense, rounded crown. The bark is initially smooth and gray, maturing to a reddish-brown or purplish-brown color and becoming slightly fissured and scaly. It contains a red, milky sap that dries to a resinous semi-solid.

The leaves of Bischofia javanicaare trifoliolate (three leaflets per leaf), occasionally appearing palmate (leaflets radiating from a central point). The leaflets are papery in texture and may be ovate, elliptic, or obovate in shape. The leaf margins are serrated, and the entire leaf can reach up to 15 cm in length.

Bischofia javanicais known for its clusters of small, greenish-yellow flowers that bloom in spring. These flowers are inconspicuous but give way to a more noticeable feature ? the fruit. The tree produces grape-like clusters of small, fleshy fruits that mature to a dark purple or black color. These fruits are attractive to birds, which disperse the seeds, contributing to the spread of the tree.

Habitat and Uses

Bischofia javanicathrives in warm, humid climates and prefers well-drained soil. It can be found in various habitats, including tropical rainforests, secondary forests, and disturbed areas. The tree is considered invasive in some regions like Florida, where it readily spreads and displaces native vegetation.

Bischofia javanicahas several potential uses. The wood is moderately strong and can be used for construction, furniture making, and other applications. The leaves have been used in traditional medicine in some regions, although scientific validation is lacking. The tree can also provide shade for crops like coffee and cardamom.

Additional Information

• Bischofia javanicais a popular ornamental tree in some areas due to its fast growth and dense foliage. However, its invasive potential should be considered before planting.
• The tree is known to be used by tigers in Assam, India, for marking their territory by scratching the bark.
• Bischofia javanicais considered a sacred tree by some indigenous people in Taiwan.