Azadirachta indica, commonly known as Neem, is a versatile evergreen tree native to the Indian subcontinent and widely distributed across tropical and subtropical regions. It belongs to the Meliaceae family, which also includes mahogany trees.
The Neem tree typically reaches heights of 15-20 meters and has a dense crown of pinnate leaves composed of 20-31 leaflets. The leaves are notable for their bitter taste and are widely used in traditional medicine, agriculture, and personal care products. Neem is renowned for its insecticidal properties and is a key ingredient in organic pest control.
During the flowering season, Neem produces small, fragrant white flowers arranged in dense clusters. These flowers attract bees and other pollinators. The flowers are followed by the development of olive-like fruits, which contain a single seed surrounded by a fleshy pulp. The fruits mature to a yellowish-green color and are edible when ripe, although they have a bitter taste.
Neem trees thrive in well-drained soils and are tolerant of drought conditions once established. They prefer full sun and can withstand a wide range of temperatures. In addition to its medicinal and agricultural uses, Neem plays a significant cultural and ecological role, providing shade, shelter, and sustainable resources in many communities.
Habitat: Azadirachta indica is found in a variety of habitats, including dry forests, savannas, and urban areas across its native range and beyond.
- Light: Full sun to partial shade.
- Soil: Well-drained, sandy or loamy soil.
- Watering: Moderate watering; drought tolerant once established.
- Maintenance: Prune occasionally to maintain shape and remove dead branches.
Additional Information: Neem is revered for its wide-ranging medicinal benefits, including antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. It is used in cosmetics, soaps, shampoos, and herbal supplements worldwide.
