Terminalia anogeissiana, commonly known as Axlewood or Dhaura, is a small to medium-sized deciduous tree that typically grows to a height of 10-20 meters. The tree has smooth, whitish or greyish-green bark with slate-colored patches, while the leaves are alternate or sub-opposite, ovate to lanceolate, and glabrous when mature. The flowers are small, sessile, and arranged in globose heads, and the fruit is a dry drupe. Native to the Indian subcontinent, including countries like India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka, the tree is commonly found in dry deciduous forests and is well-adapted to seasonally dry tropical climates.
The Axlewood tree’s ecological significance extends beyond its physical characteristics, as it provides a valuable source of food and habitat for various wildlife species, including insects and mammals.
Habitat
Terminalia anogeissiana is native to the Indian subcontinent, including countries like India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka, and is commonly found in dry deciduous forests.
Planting and Care
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Propagation: Propagated through seeds, which should be soaked in warm water for 24 hours before sowing to enhance germination. Can also be propagated through cuttings taken in early spring or late summer.
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Soil Type: Prefers well-drained loamy to sandy loam soil with a pH of 6.0-7.0.
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Watering: Requires minimal watering once established, as it is drought-tolerant.
Additional Information
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Economical Values: Produces durable timber used in construction, furniture, and agricultural tools.
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Medicinal Use: Used in traditional medicine for treating various ailments such as fever, rheumatism, and digestive issues.
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Gum Production: The tree produces Indian gum, also known as ghatti gum, used in calico printing and other industrial applications.
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Silk Production: Leaves are fed on by the Antheraea paphia moth, which produces Tussah silk, a commercially valuable wild silk.
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Wildlife Significance: The flowers attract various pollinators, including bees and butterflies. The leaves are consumed by herbivorous mammals such as deer and cattle. The tree serves as a host plant for the larvae of certain moth species, including the Antheraea paphia moth.
