Semecarpus anacardium, commonly known as the Marking Nut Tree, is a medium-sized deciduous tree that can grow up to 25 meters tall. It has a dense, spreading crown and compound leaves with 5-10 pairs of leaflets. The flowers are small, yellowish-brown, and appear in dense clusters, while the fruit is a black, smooth, lustrous drupe, about 2.5 cm long, with a reddish-orange accessory fruit attached. The nut inside the black fruit is toxic and can cause severe allergic reactions if not handled properly. Native to the Indian subcontinent, including India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Myanmar, the tree is commonly found in dry deciduous forests, from the outer Himalayas to the Coromandel Coast, and can grow at elevations up to 1,000 meters.
The Marking Nut Tree’s ecological significance extends beyond its physical characteristics, as it provides a valuable food source for various wildlife species, including birds and small mammals. Its flowers attract bees and other pollinators, while its fruits provide food for various birds and small mammals, contributing to its success in its native habitats.
Habitat
Semecarpus anacardium is native to the Indian subcontinent, including India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Myanmar, and is commonly found in dry deciduous forests.
Planting and Care
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Propagation: Through seeds or stem cuttings.
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Soil Preference: Prefers well-drained, fertile soils. Can tolerate a range of soil types.
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Sunlight and Water: Thrives in full sun to partial shade. Requires moderate watering, especially during dry periods.
Additional Information
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Economical Values: Used in traditional medicine to treat skin diseases, arthritis, digestive disorders, and more. Oil extracted from the nut is used for various therapeutic purposes.
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Industrial Uses: The nut is used to produce marking ink.
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Culinary Uses: The accessory fruit is edible and sweet when ripe.
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Wildlife Significance: Attracts pollinators like bees and other pollinators. Fruits provide food for various birds and small mammals.
