Schleichera oleosa, commonly known as the Kusum tree, is a large deciduous (nearly evergreen) tree that can grow up to 40 meters tall. It has a comparatively short, fluted trunk and a spreading crown, with pinnate leaves that have 2-4 pairs of leaflets. The flowers are tiny, yellow, and occur in short, dense clusters, while the fruit is a globose drupe, about 2.5-3 cm long, containing a single seed enclosed in a succulent aril. Native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, including countries like India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia, the tree grows in dry, mixed deciduous forests and savannahs, often found at elevations from sea level to about 980 meters.
The Kusum tree’s ecological significance extends beyond its physical characteristics, as it provides a valuable food source for various wildlife species, including birds and small mammals. Its flowers attract bees and other pollinators, while its fruits provide food for various birds and small mammals, contributing to its success in its native habitats.
Habitat
Schleichera oleosa is native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, including countries like India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia, and grows in dry, mixed deciduous forests and savannahs.
Planting and Care
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Propagation: Through seeds or cuttings.
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Soil Preference: Prefers well-drained, fertile soils. Can tolerate a range of soil types.
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Sunlight and Water: Thrives in full sun to partial shade. Requires moderate watering, especially during dry periods.
Additional Information
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Economical Values: Wood is used for oil and sugar mills, rice pounders, pestles, axles, hubs, and agricultural implements. Treated timber is suitable for construction, cabinet-work, and wagon building. Timber is also a good fuel and makes excellent charcoal.
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Lac Production: Primary host tree for the lac insect, producing high-quality shellac.
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Medicinal Uses: Oil from seeds used for treating rheumatism, headaches, and skin diseases. Bark used for treating skin inflammations and ulcers.
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Culinary Uses: Fruits are pickled or eaten raw. Young shoots are consumed as vegetables.
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Wildlife Significance: Attracts pollinators like bees and other pollinators. Fruits provide food for various birds and small mammals. The tree offers shelter for insects and other small wildlife.
