Bombax ceiba, commonly known as the Red Silk Cotton Tree, Kapok Tree, or Silk-Cotton Tree, is a large, deciduous tree native to tropical regions of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. It’s a member of the Malvaceae family, which includes plants like hibiscus and cotton.
Bombax ceibacan grow up to 60 meters tall, with a massive trunk that can reach up to 3 meters in diameter. The trunk and branches are often adorned with conical spines, particularly when young. These spines become eroded and less prominent as the tree matures. The leaves are palmate, with 5-7 leaflets radiating from a central point, and provide shade during the dry season.
A captivating feature of Bombax ceibais its spectacular display of red flowers. These large, cup-shaped flowers bloom in profusion before the new leaves appear, creating a vibrant red spectacle. The flowers are pollinated by birds and bats, attracted by the nectar and vibrant color.
Following flowering, Bombax ceibaproduces large, woody capsules (fruits) that split open when ripe, releasing a mass of fluffy, white fibers. These fibers, known as kapok, are similar to cotton but less water-resistant. Kapok has various historical and traditional uses, including as a filling for mattresses, life jackets, and insulation.
Habitat and Uses
Bombax ceibathrives in warm, humid climates and prefers well-drained soil. It’s found in tropical forests, seasonal forests, and along rivers. The tree is considered invasive in some areas with suitable climates, like Florida, where it can outcompete native trees.
Bombax ceibahas several historical and current uses. Kapok fibers were once a valuable commercial product, used for filling and insulation. The wood is lightweight and soft and can be used for canoes, carvings, and some construction purposes. The bark has medicinal uses in some traditional practices, but caution is advised due to potential toxicity.
Additional Information
- Bombax ceibais a culturally significant tree in many regions. In Mayan culture, it was associated with fertility and rebirth. The massive trunk was sometimes used for carving canoes.
- The enormous size and impressive flowering displays of Bombax ceibamake it a popular ornamental tree in tropical regions. However, its potential for invasiveness should be considered before planting.
- Due to habitat loss and overexploitation for kapok, Bombax ceibais listed as “Near Threatened” on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
